What is the main component of natural gas?

Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, which is a simple hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH₄. Methane is the most abundant component in natural gas, typically making up about 70-90% of its composition. This abundance is due to methane being the simplest alkane, which forms from the decomposition of organic matter under high temperatures and pressures over geological timescales.

In addition to methane, natural gas can contain smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, and butane, but these are present in significantly lower concentrations. Methane's predominance makes it the standard reference for natural gas, while the other hydrocarbons are often considered in terms of natural gas liquids (NGLs) or discussed in the context of specific applications in energy or petrochemical processes. Thus, understanding that methane is the principal component helps in grasping its role as a major energy source and its implications in energy production and environmental considerations.