What does biological oxygen demand (BOD) measure?

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) specifically measures the amount of dissolved oxygen that microorganisms consume while breaking down organic matter in a water sample over a specified period, usually five days. This indicator is crucial in assessing the organic pollution levels in water bodies, as higher BOD values suggest a greater presence of biodegradable material, which leads to a higher demand for oxygen by decomposing microorganisms.

Understanding BOD is important for managing water pollution; it helps determine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes and the health of aquatic ecosystems. A high BOD indicates a greater degree of organic pollution, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water, adversely affecting aquatic life. Thus, BOD serves as a valuable metric for environmental scientists and public health officials monitoring water quality.