What characterizes an alkaline solution?

An alkaline solution is defined by its pH level, which is greater than 7. This characteristic indicates that the solution has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) compared to hydrogen ions (H+). In the context of pH, a value of 7 corresponds to neutrality, which is observed in pure water. When the pH exceeds 7, it signifies an increase in alkalinity, typically due to the presence of strong bases or the dissociation of weak bases in solution.

Therefore, an alkaline solution is one where the basic properties dominate, which is essential in various chemical reactions and biological processes. Understanding this concept not only helps in distinguishing between acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions but also plays a critical role in numerous applications, from environmental science to industrial processes.